Le présent livre est destiné surtout aux étudiants. Il contient une partie introductive, où tous les sujets sont exposés in nuce, dans leurs grandes lignes. La fonction de cette introduction est d’asurer une continuité avec la formation générale du lycée. Dans le reste de l’ouvrage chaque sujet est traité selon des exigences adéquates à la formation des spécialistes.

Cette caractéristique a l’avantage de permettre à un lecteur qui n’a sur le Moyen Age que des connaissances médiocres et souvent inexactes de s’initier progressivement au vocabulaire spécifique et reconnaître les principaux repères dans le paysage intellectuel qu’il explore. Ainsi on ne devra pas apprendre par coeur la date de l’édit de Milan - 313 de notre ère - sans savoir que cet acte met une fin aux persécutions dirigées contre les chrétiens dans l’Empire romain; désormais leur religion y est reconnue parmi les nombreuses confessions tolérées par l'Etat à cette époque, sans aucune exclusivité.

Parmi les grandes structures de la pensée médiévale, le mythe de la translatio permet la mise en place d'une problématique extrêmement complexe concernant l'univers romanesque des XII-XIII^e siècles.

 Dans les pages qui suivent nous nous proposons de dégager la manière dont la légende arthurienne reprend à son compte et transforme le schéma de la mutatio rerum et plus particulièrement celui de la translatio religionis. Avec ce mythe nous sommes devant un système de pensée d'inspiration vétéro-testamentaire: la translation se fait selon la volonté de Dieu par la faute et le péché des Juifs qui ont déçu le Seigneur. L’entreprise de transfert est donc plutôt une punition qu'un mouvement naturel.

Obiectul cercetãrii noastre îl reprezintã numele de actiune din limba românã considerate sub aspectul comportamentului gramatical.

Combinând demersul deductiv si cel inductiv, confruntând adicã teoria nominalizãrii (componentã a gramaticii universale) cu materialul lingvistic românesc si încercând apoi sã interpretãm rezultatele la care ne-a condus analiza faptelor de limbã, am urmãrit douã obiective principale.

El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar las secciones y los elementos discursivos auxiliares que aparecen en los manuscritos de las Cantigas de Santa María, elaborados a finales del siglo XIII y principios del XIV, bajo la dirección y la directa colaboración de Alfonso X, El Sabio. Las cuestiones que me propongo tratar son las siguientes: los criterios de distinción entre “texto” y “paratexto”; las fórmulas, las categorías y las funciones del discurso metacomunicativo.

Autori: HUXLEY, Aldous; ORWELL George; WAUGH, Evelyn; GREENE, Graham; BURGESS, Anthony; LESSING,Doris; LARKIN,Philip; FOWLES,John; BROWNJOHN,Alan; BRADBURY,Malcolm; GRAY, Alasdair; LODGE, David; BARNES, Julian; ACKROYD, Peter; AMIS, Martin; SWIFT,Graham; ISHIGURO,Kazuo

This is NOT a book of scholarly criticism. It may not even be criticism at all, but an informed chat, a reading diary. Its major aim is to establish the name that could be attributed to all literature at the turn of the millennium. I am suggesting DESPERADO, instead of the all too vague Postmodernism, which means everything and nothing any more. Any moment in the history of literature has its postmoment, but not every age has so many desperadoes as ours.

I mean by DESPERADO LITERATURE everywhere that all writers are desperate to use all the tricks ever invented, to be different, to shock at all costs, to be their own trend. The main trick used during the last six or seven decades, which is not new, though, is the hybridization of literary genres, which now mix freely, creating new, baffling, uncertain forms.

Though light and friendly, this book is a tricky diary with a thesis, in the end. It aims at offering an image of diversity and unity in British literature at the turn of the millennium. It formulates common features, sneaks into theorizing when expected least, hides behind clarity in order to debunk the confusing myth of Postmodernism and replace it by a new approach.

The LoveToKnow Free Online Encyclopedia is based on what many consider to be the best encyclopedia ever written: the eleventh edition of the Encyclopedia Britannica, first published in 1911.  At a time when many encyclopedias have capsulated and condensed important knowledge, the 11th edition is generally much more in-depth and thorough on it's topics.  It is not uncommon for our entries to be 5 to 10 times the length of other encyclopedias.  As a research tool, this 11th edition is unparalleled - even today. LoveToKnow is in the process of updating and editing thousands of the entries, preserving the treasured entries that make it so unique, and adding entries on new relevant topics. We hope that you enjoy and learn from the LoveToKnow Free Online Encyclopedia and that it becomes one of your favorite places for reference information.

The Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative (CDLI) represents the efforts of an international group of Assyriologists, museum curators and historians of science to make available through the internet the form and content of cuneiform tablets dating from the beginning of writing, ca. 3350 B.C., until the end of the pre-Christian era. We estimate the number of these documents currently kept in public and private collections to exceed 500,000 exemplars, of which now nearly 100,000 have been catalogued in electronic form by the CDLI.

The Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative (CDLI) represents the efforts of an international group of Assyriologists, museum curators and historians of science to make available through the internet the form and content of cuneiform tablets dating from the beginning of writing, ca. 3350 B.C., until the end of the pre-Christian era. We estimate the number of these documents currently kept in public and private collections to exceed 500,000 exemplars, of which now nearly 100,000 have been catalogued in electronic form by the CDLI.

Linguistic Exploration is a mode of investigation in (computational) linguistics involving empirical research on complex, dynamic, multimodal datasets through the combination of traditional field methods with new technologies for storing and analyzing linguistic data. The languages under study may range from the undescribed to the well-studied, and the investigator may operate in a village or a laboratory. The focus is the documentary and exploratory mode of research, generating reusable language resources, and developing new techniques for working with continually evolving datasets.

The Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Literature is based at the University of Oxford. Its aim is to make accessible, via the World Wide Web, over 400 literary works composed in the Sumerian language in ancient Mesopotamia (modern Iraq) during the late third and early second millennia BCE.

The corpus comprises Sumerian text, English prose translation and bibliographical information for each composition. This second edition of the corpus will evolve, incorporating improvements, corrections and standardisation of the material. The first edition remains accessible, stable and unchanged.

L’ensemble de mon œuvre fera toujours un tout indivisible.
Je fais […] une Bible, non une Bible divine, mais une Bible humaine. Un livre multiple résumant un siècle.

Car le mot, qu'on le sache, est un être vivant
La main du songeur vibre et tremble en l'écrivant ;
La plume, qui d'une aile allongeait l'envergure,
Frémit sur le papier quand sort cette figure.

The Sumerian language has thus far not been linked with any other large family of languages. This web page is dedicated to showing a relationship between Sumerian and the Austric languages.

Sumerian is an agglutinative language like those in the Austric family. Like those languages it uses liberally both suffixes and prefixes in its morphology. In this sense, it differs from other Asiatic agglutinative languages like Ural-Altaic (Uralic and Altaic), Dravidian, Japanese and Korean, which use almost exclusively suffixes in the conjugation of the verb and declension of nouns and pronouns.

These descriptive names developed both from nouns and adjectives. Examples of name descended from nouns are the Irish Gaelic names Conan "hound, wolf" and Aed "fire." Irish Gaelic names derived from adjectives are such names as Fial "modest, honorable, generous" and Finn "fair, bright, white." A more elaborate descriptive naming practice is exemplified in the Bible, when Rachel names her last son Benoni or "son of my sorrow" and his father Jacob renames him Benjamin "son of the right hand" (Genesis 35:18).

The aim of Ancient Scripts is not to replace texts books or instructional web sites. Instead, it is designed to give an introduction to writing systems, which hopefully will tantalize the reader into searching for more information on the web or in books and publications.

Generally recognized as the world's expert on the Indus script, Asko Parpola has been studying this undeciphered writing for over 30 years at the University of Helsinki in Finland. He is co-editor of collections of all seals and inscriptions in India and Pakistan. As Professor of Indology he has led a Finnish team of experts through numerous approaches to the puzzle of one of the world's very earliest writing systems.

Asko Parpola, the Finnish world expert on the ancient Indus script, explains his carefully constructed theory of its proto-Dravidian origins, astral relationships and religious significance.

Migrations and Cultural Diffusion carried the Indo-European protolanguage from the homeland, which the authors place in the Transcaucasus (see Historical Armenia maps), and fragmented it into dialects. Some spread west to Anatolia and Greece, others southwest to Iran and India. Most Western languages stem from an Eastern branch that rounded the Caspian Sea. Contact with Semitic languages in Mesopotamia and with Kartvelian languages in the Caucasus led to the adoption of many foreign words.

The science developed from the study of the Indo-European superfamily of languages, by far the largest in number of languages and number of speakers. Nearly half of the world's population speaks an Indo-European language as a first language; six of the 10 languages in which Scientific American appears—English, French, German, Italian, Russian and Spanish—belong to this superfamily.

Michael C. Corballis is a professor in the Department of Psychology at the University of Auckland, New Zealand. He has an M.A. from the University of Auckland and a Ph.D. from McGill University, where he taught in the Department of Psychology from 1968 to 1978. His interests are in cognitive neuroscience and evolution. Address: Department of Psychology, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand. Internet: m.corballis@auckland.ac.nz

Human language may have evolved from manual gestures, which survive today as a "behavioral fossil" coupled to speech.

The Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Literature is based at the University of Oxford. Its aim is to make accessible, via the World Wide Web, over 400 literary works composed in the Sumerian language in ancient Mesopotamia (modern Iraq) during the late third and early second millennia BCE.

The corpus comprises Sumerian text, English prose translation and bibliographical information for each composition. This second edition of the corpus will evolve, incorporating improvements, corrections and standardisation of the material. The first edition remains accessible, stable and unchanged.